LEGAL, MANAGEMENT, ECONOMICAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES RELATED TO METALS, MATERIALS AND MINERALS PROCESSING

What are the most serious environmental issues in this century? There are, of course, several answers which depend on personality. "Global Warming, Climate Change" is expected as a most average answer. It is no doubt to be serious. Another answer is also to supply foods and water. These problems are also essential to keep lives. And I would like to add one more to them, which is a stable sustainable supply of mineral resources because most human beings live in the circumstances which are mainly consist of artificial products including many metallic products. So, we are living in natural environment with artificial circumstances. We can't return to old historical lives. How we can success to do harmonious coexistence between keeping environment and economic growth, which is a trade off relation very often. One of answers is 3R(Reduce, Reuse and Recycling) of artificial waste which can't retuned to original state by themselves. 3R can reduce the consumption the primary resources, save energy and control of diffusion of harmful elements to nature, if they have done on the right way. A strategy of mineral resources and supporting technologies for it in Japan is shown in the presentation to achieve a sustainable growth. Most natural mineral resources are imported in Japan, since there are no natural mineral resources except limestone. Not only commodity metals like Iron and copper but minor rare metals are very important in Japan to keep providing high technological electronics applicants like PC and cellular phones. Some of mineral resources can be imported from very limited countries, for example, rare earth elements (REE) are imported only from China. It also causes a difficulty of stable supply of metal resources. So, to overcome uncertainness of supply of minerals and metals, Japanese government has taken a following strategy have taken as follow: (1) Exploration and exploitation of metal resources (2) Further promotion of recycling of metals (3) Development of substitutes for minor rare metals (4) Stockpile of minor rare metals for emergency

The surface mines Bardh and Mirash have a long history of the development and exploitation dated since 1922. Mines in many cases were activated and exploit in very difficult conditions beginning from the underground gallery in order to achieve objectives of researches in production. One of the main factors has been road infrastructure , the presence of carbon dioxide in underground coal mines , the security in geo technical aspect, underground waters, air conditioning of mines etc. Therefore with the advance of technology nowadays there are created conditions for exploitation of the coal in surface mines in the open sky, by creating conditions for constructing the road infrastructure as the construction of bridge on the river Sitnica for transporting of equipments and employees to the mines and via versa, that represent a high geo technical security with a great economical and practical importance for exploitation of coal as with road transport as well through transport conveyer.

One of the greatest challenges of today´s metallurgical complexes is the ability to adapt to regional and global dynamic changing conditions that are most of the times outside their control.Although the company does not have control over prices and quality of raw materials or prices of final products it has to be able to be flexible enough to achieve optimum results at any possible situation.The key is the effective integration, alignment and management of systems and people. To achieve this, Peñoles put into practice three principles at the operations floor:• Continuous Improvement• Operational Discipline• Team WorkOver these three principles, as described in this paper, we have been able to assemble several kinds of tools, systems and initiatives in a coherent operational model directed towards increasing productivity on a daily basis. We have put our workers in the center of our efforts and found that engaging people is the foundation for transforming the culture of the company.